Electric bulb
The electric bulb
It is one of the great invention of a whole mankind without light bulb the whole world is filled with the darkness after the sunset and depend upon the fire to glow the home.
Before the end of 18th century many scientist have been started to invent the to light bulb :
* In 1802, Humphry Davy.
* In 1835, James Bowman Lindsay.
* In 1841, Frederick de Moleyns.
* In 1845, John W. Star.
* In 1851, Jean Eugène RobertHoudin.
* In 1859, Moses G. Farmer.
These are the inventors which try to make the bulb in there laboratory.
* In 1850 joseph Swan a British physicist and chemist , began working with carbonized paper filaments in an evacuated glass bulb. By 1860, he was able to demonstrate a working device but the lack of a good vacuum and an adequate supply of electricity result in a short lifetime for a bulb and an insufficient source of light.
By the mid 1870 better pumps had become available, and Swan returned to his experiments with the help of Charles Strearn, an expert on vacuum pump, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening.
* In 1878, Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a patent application for "Improvement in electric light " on 14 October 1878, After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880's and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament.
The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last more than 1200 hours.
Tungsten filament, inert gas
on 13 December 1904, Hungarian sandor just and croatian franjo hanaman invent a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter lighter than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marked by the Hungarian company Tungsgram in 1904. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen slow down the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allow for greater temperature and therefore greater efficiency with less reduction in fioament life.
In 1913, Irving Langmuir found that filling a lamp with inert gas instead of a vacuum resulted in twice the luminous efficacy and reduced bulb blackening.
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